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Finnish grammar

2. KPT change

2.2 Reverse KPT change

  • Introduction

  • 1. Vowel harmony
  • 1.1 Vowel harmony

  • 2. KPT change
  • 2.1 Regular KPT change

  • 2.2 Reverse KPT change

  • 3. Cases
  • 3.1 Nominative / T-plural

  • 3.2 Genitive

  • 3.3 Partitive

  • 3.4 Locative cases – Missä? Mistä? Mihin?

  • 3.5 Use of locative cases

  • 3.6 Essive (-na/-nä) vs. translative (-ksi)

  • 4. Object
  • 4.1 Object formation and use

  • 5. Word types
  • 5.1 Word types ending in vowels

  • 5.2 Word types ending in consonants

  • 6. Verbs
  • 6.1 Personal conjugation of verbs

  • 6.2 Verb types

  • 6.3 Rection

  • 6.4 Verb + verb

  • 6.5 Past simple tense

  • 7. Plural partitive
  • 7.1 Use and formation of plural partitive

  • 8. Pronouns
  • 8.1 Personal pronouns

  • 8.2 Demonstrative pronouns

  • 9. Sentence types
  • 9.1 Sentence types

  • 10. Spoken language
  • 10.1 Vowel and consonant changes

  • 10.2 Verbs in spoken language

  • 10.3 Me passive

  • Introduction

  • 1. Vowel harmony

  • 1.1 Vowel harmony

  • 2. KPT change

  • 2.1 Regular KPT change

  • 2.2 Reverse KPT change

  • 3. Cases

  • 3.1 Nominative / T-plural

  • 3.2 Genitive

  • 3.3 Partitive

  • 3.4 Locative cases – Missä? Mistä? Mihin?

  • 3.5 Use of locative cases

  • 3.6 Essive (-na/-nä) vs. translative (-ksi)

  • 4. Object

  • 4.1 Object formation and use

  • 5. Word types

  • 5.1 Word types ending in vowels

  • 5.2 Word types ending in consonants

  • 6. Verbs

  • 6.1 Personal conjugation of verbs

  • 6.2 Verb types

  • 6.3 Rection

  • 6.4 Verb + verb

  • 6.5 Past simple tense

  • 7. Plural partitive

  • 7.1 Use and formation of plural partitive

  • 8. Pronouns

  • 8.1 Personal pronouns

  • 8.2 Demonstrative pronouns

  • 9. Sentence types

  • 9.1 Sentence types

  • 10. Spoken language

  • 10.1 Vowel and consonant changes

  • 10.2 Verbs in spoken language

  • 10.3 Me passive

In certain word and verb types, the KPT change works the other way around. This type of KPT change is called reverse KPT change.

ChangeExample nounExample verb
k → kklääke → lääkkeitätykätä → minä tykkään
p → ppopas → oppaanhypätä→ minä hyppään
t → ttkahvinkeitin → kahvinkeittimessäajatella → minä ajattelen
– → kvaras → varkaatpelätä → minä pelkään
v → pvarvas → varpaattavata → minä tapaan
d → ttehdas → tehtaallaladata → minä lataan
ng → nkrengas → renkaathangata → minä hankaan
nn → nttunne → tunteetkuunnella → minä kuuntelen
ll → ltallas → altaassatakellella → minä takeltelen
rr → rtmurre → murteetaskarrella → minä askartelen
mm → mphammas → hampaatommella → minä ompelen

Note that the reverse KPT change occurs in the stem of the word. It does not matter whether the word is in S-mihin-form, partitive etc. Reverse KPT change occurs:

  • in verb types 3 and 4, for example when the base form of a verb ends in -tella, -della, -data, -vata, i.e. when there is a KPT consonant before the verb type marker;
  • in word types -as/-äs, -in, -e, when there is a KPT consonant in the last syllable of the word, e.g. tehdas, lääke, kahvinkeitin.
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Beginning 3. Cases
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