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Finnish grammar

6. Verbs

6.4 Verb + verb

  • Introduction

  • 1. Vowel harmony
  • 1.1 Vowel harmony

  • 2. KPT change
  • 2.1 Regular KPT change

  • 2.2 Reverse KPT change

  • 3. Cases
  • 3.1 Nominative / T-plural

  • 3.2 Genitive

  • 3.3 Partitive

  • 3.4 Locative cases – Missä? Mistä? Mihin?

  • 3.5 Use of locative cases

  • 3.6 Essive (-na/-nä) vs. translative (-ksi)

  • 4. Object
  • 4.1 Object formation and use

  • 5. Word types
  • 5.1 Word types ending in vowels

  • 5.2 Word types ending in consonants

  • 6. Verbs
  • 6.1 Personal conjugation of verbs

  • 6.2 Verb types

  • 6.3 Rection

  • 6.4 Verb + verb

  • 6.5 Past simple tense

  • 7. Plural partitive
  • 7.1 Use and formation of plural partitive

  • 8. Pronouns
  • 8.1 Personal pronouns

  • 8.2 Demonstrative pronouns

  • 9. Sentence types
  • 9.1 Sentence types

  • 10. Spoken language
  • 10.1 Vowel and consonant changes

  • 10.2 Verbs in spoken language

  • 10.3 Me passive

  • Introduction

  • 1. Vowel harmony

  • 1.1 Vowel harmony

  • 2. KPT change

  • 2.1 Regular KPT change

  • 2.2 Reverse KPT change

  • 3. Cases

  • 3.1 Nominative / T-plural

  • 3.2 Genitive

  • 3.3 Partitive

  • 3.4 Locative cases – Missä? Mistä? Mihin?

  • 3.5 Use of locative cases

  • 3.6 Essive (-na/-nä) vs. translative (-ksi)

  • 4. Object

  • 4.1 Object formation and use

  • 5. Word types

  • 5.1 Word types ending in vowels

  • 5.2 Word types ending in consonants

  • 6. Verbs

  • 6.1 Personal conjugation of verbs

  • 6.2 Verb types

  • 6.3 Rection

  • 6.4 Verb + verb

  • 6.5 Past simple tense

  • 7. Plural partitive

  • 7.1 Use and formation of plural partitive

  • 8. Pronouns

  • 8.1 Personal pronouns

  • 8.2 Demonstrative pronouns

  • 9. Sentence types

  • 9.1 Sentence types

  • 10. Spoken language

  • 10.1 Vowel and consonant changes

  • 10.2 Verbs in spoken language

  • 10.3 Me passive

When there are two verbs after one another in the sentence, the form of the second verb completely depends on the first one. Finnish has three ground rules for this. 

Verb + base form

Verbs that express possibility and necessity, need to be accompanied with another verb in base form, for example haluta, voida, osata, saada, täytyä.

osata: Osaatko soittaa pianoa?
can / know how to: Can you play the piano?

haluta: Haluan käydä Tuomaan markkinoilla.
want: I want to visit Tuomaan markkinat (Helsinki Christmas Market).

voida: En voi tulla huomenna.
can / be able to: I can’t come tomorrow.

täytyä: Minun täytyy mennä.
must / have to: I must go.

 

Verb + -maan/-massa

There are verbs in Finnish that can’t be accompanied by other verbs in base form. Instead, you have to add -maan or -mään at the end of the second verb. This form is usually used with verbs that refer to moving or starting something, for example mennä, lähteä, auttaa. Take out –vat/-vät from the he form and add –maan/-mään.

nukkua → he nukku/vat → nukkumaan → Menen nukkumaan yhdeksältä.
I go to sleep at nine.

vaeltaa → he vaelta/vat → vaeltamaan → Me lähdetään vaeltamaan Nuuksioon.
We will go hiking in Nuuksio.

löytää → he löytä/vät → löytämään → Farmaseutit auttavat löytämään lääkkeet.
The pharmacists help find the medicines.

 

The ma form + ssa tells what you are doing at the moment. Take out -vat/-vät from the he form and add –massa/-mässä.

ostaa: → he osta/vat → ostamassa → He ovat kaupassa ostamassa ruokaa.
They are in the store buying food.

opiskella → he opiskele/vat → opiskelemassa → Olen kirjastossa opiskelemassa.
I’m in the library studying.

 

The ma form is also used with rection verbs, for example käydä + ssa.

tanssia: → he tanssi/vat → tanssimassa → Mä käyn tanssimassa lauantaisin.
I go dancing on Saturdays.

 

Verb + -minen 

Some verbs need to be accompanied with a noun and it is not possible to use another verb with them. In Finnish you can turn a verb into a noun, the minen form. Take out -vat/-vät from the he form of the verb and add the ending -minen.

soittaa → he soitta/vat → soittaminen
to play → they play → playing (an instrument)

 

Use the –minen form, if only a noun can accompany the verb.

pitää + -sta: Pidän kitaran soittamisesta.
I like playing the guitar.

olla kiinnostunut + -sta: Olen kiinnostunut kitaran soittamisesta.
I am interested in playing the guitar.

rakastaa + partitiivi: Rakastan kitaran soittamista.
I love playing the guitar.

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Beginning 6.5 Past simple tense
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