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Finnish grammar

3. Cases

3.3 Partitive

  • Introduction

  • 1. Vowel harmony
  • 1.1 Vowel harmony

  • 2. KPT change
  • 2.1 Regular KPT change

  • 2.2 Reverse KPT change

  • 3. Cases
  • 3.1 Nominative / T-plural

  • 3.2 Genitive

  • 3.3 Partitive

  • 3.4 Locative cases – Missä? Mistä? Mihin?

  • 3.5 Use of locative cases

  • 3.6 Essive (-na/-nä) vs. translative (-ksi)

  • 4. Object
  • 4.1 Object formation and use

  • 5. Word types
  • 5.1 Word types ending in vowels

  • 5.2 Word types ending in consonants

  • 6. Verbs
  • 6.1 Personal conjugation of verbs

  • 6.2 Verb types

  • 6.3 Rection

  • 6.4 Verb + verb

  • 6.5 Past simple tense

  • 7. Plural partitive
  • 7.1 Use and formation of plural partitive

  • 8. Pronouns
  • 8.1 Personal pronouns

  • 8.2 Demonstrative pronouns

  • 9. Sentence types
  • 9.1 Sentence types

  • 10. Spoken language
  • 10.1 Vowel and consonant changes

  • 10.2 Verbs in spoken language

  • 10.3 Me passive

  • Introduction

  • 1. Vowel harmony

  • 1.1 Vowel harmony

  • 2. KPT change

  • 2.1 Regular KPT change

  • 2.2 Reverse KPT change

  • 3. Cases

  • 3.1 Nominative / T-plural

  • 3.2 Genitive

  • 3.3 Partitive

  • 3.4 Locative cases – Missä? Mistä? Mihin?

  • 3.5 Use of locative cases

  • 3.6 Essive (-na/-nä) vs. translative (-ksi)

  • 4. Object

  • 4.1 Object formation and use

  • 5. Word types

  • 5.1 Word types ending in vowels

  • 5.2 Word types ending in consonants

  • 6. Verbs

  • 6.1 Personal conjugation of verbs

  • 6.2 Verb types

  • 6.3 Rection

  • 6.4 Verb + verb

  • 6.5 Past simple tense

  • 7. Plural partitive

  • 7.1 Use and formation of plural partitive

  • 8. Pronouns

  • 8.1 Personal pronouns

  • 8.2 Demonstrative pronouns

  • 9. Sentence types

  • 9.1 Sentence types

  • 10. Spoken language

  • 10.1 Vowel and consonant changes

  • 10.2 Verbs in spoken language

  • 10.3 Me passive

Partitive is a case that expresses a part of something or an incompleted action. The partitive ending in singular is –a/-ä, –ta/-tä, -tta/-ttä and in plural -ja/-jä, -ia/-iä, -ita/-itä.

Sinä syöt omenaa.
You are eating an apple.

Ostetaanko vähän omenoita?
Shall we buy some apples?

 

First and foremost, you need the partitive after a number. Use the singular partitive after any basic number, except one (yksi).

Yksi kahvi, kiitos. <> Kaksi kahvia, kiitos.
One coffee, please. <> Two coffees, please.

Ulkona on nolla astetta.
It is zero degrees outside.

Tapahtumaan osallistuu viisituhatta ihmistä.
Five thousand people participate in the event.

 

Use partitive after a partitive verb or when describing a process.

Pelaan jalkapalloa kavereiden kanssa.
I play football with friends.

Minä voin auttaa sinua.
I can help you.

 

Use partitive when greeting someone or wishing them something.

Iltaa!
(Good) evening!

Hyvää päivänjatkoa!
Have a nice day!

Hyvää viikonloppua! = Viikonloppuja!
Have a nice weekend!

 

Use partitive when telling what isn’t somewhere, ie. in a negative Minulla on and Missä sentence.

Kylpyhuoneessa ei ole ammetta, mutta siellä on suihku.
There is no bathtub in the bathroom, but there is a shower there.

Mulla ei oo suomalaisia kavereita.
I don’t have Finnish friends.

Vessassa ei ollut vessapaperia.
There was no toilet paper in the toilet.

 

Partitive is often used with mass nouns, for example with food and drink words. If the food word is at the end of the sentence, it is usually in partitive. When you tell what a food or drink is like, the adjective is also in partitive.

Minä en juo kahvia.
I don’t drink coffee.

Kahvi on mustaa.
Coffee is black.

Nämä leivät ovat gluteenittomia.
These pieces of bread are gluten-free.

 

If the noun is in partitive, also the adjective before it is in partitive.

Meillä on kolme pientä tyttöä.
We have three little daughters.

Ne ovat kauniita kukkia.
They are beautiful flowers.

 

Formation of the singular partitive

The most common singular partitive ending is -a/-ä, which is added to the base form of the word.

ruotsi, venäjä → Minä puhun ruotsia ja venäjää.

 

If a foreign name ends in a consonant, add an extra vowel i.

Alex → Minä rakastan Alexia.

 

After a long vowel, a combination of vowels, or a consonant the partitive ending is -ta/-tä.

olut → Nuo miehet juovat paljon olutta.

suklaa → Syön suklaata joka päivä.

yö → Hyvää yötä!

 

In words ending in –nen, there is a change nen → s, after which the ending -ta/-tä is added. So, in partitive this kind of words have the ending -sta/-stä.

suomalainen → Minulla on kaksi suomalaista kaveria.
Finnish → I have two Finnish friends.

sininen → Hän etsii sinistä hupparia.
blue → He’s looking for a blue hoodie.

 

With all words ending in –e and many ending in –si, the partitive ending is -tta/-ttä.

huone → Mulla on kolme huonetta ja keittiö.

vesi → Saanko lasin vettä?

vuosi → Minä olen yhdeksäntoista vuotta vanha.

 

Partitive forms of personal pronouns:

minä –> minua / mua

sinä –> sinua / sua

hän –> häntä / sitä

me –> meitä 

te –> teitä

he –> heitä / niitä

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Beginning 3.4 Locative cases – Missä? Mistä? Mihin?
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