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Finnish grammar

3. Cases

3.2 Genitive

  • Introduction

  • 1. Vowel harmony
  • 1.1 Vowel harmony

  • 2. KPT change
  • 2.1 Regular KPT change

  • 2.2 Reverse KPT change

  • 3. Cases
  • 3.1 Nominative / T-plural

  • 3.2 Genitive

  • 3.3 Partitive

  • 3.4 Locative cases – Missä? Mistä? Mihin?

  • 3.5 Use of locative cases

  • 3.6 Essive (-na/-nä) vs. translative (-ksi)

  • 4. Object
  • 4.1 Object formation and use

  • 5. Word types
  • 5.1 Word types ending in vowels

  • 5.2 Word types ending in consonants

  • 6. Verbs
  • 6.1 Personal conjugation of verbs

  • 6.2 Verb types

  • 6.3 Rection

  • 6.4 Verb + verb

  • 6.5 Past simple tense

  • 7. Plural partitive
  • 7.1 Use and formation of plural partitive

  • 8. Pronouns
  • 8.1 Personal pronouns

  • 8.2 Demonstrative pronouns

  • 9. Sentence types
  • 9.1 Sentence types

  • 10. Spoken language
  • 10.1 Vowel and consonant changes

  • 10.2 Verbs in spoken language

  • 10.3 Me passive

  • Introduction

  • 1. Vowel harmony

  • 1.1 Vowel harmony

  • 2. KPT change

  • 2.1 Regular KPT change

  • 2.2 Reverse KPT change

  • 3. Cases

  • 3.1 Nominative / T-plural

  • 3.2 Genitive

  • 3.3 Partitive

  • 3.4 Locative cases – Missä? Mistä? Mihin?

  • 3.5 Use of locative cases

  • 3.6 Essive (-na/-nä) vs. translative (-ksi)

  • 4. Object

  • 4.1 Object formation and use

  • 5. Word types

  • 5.1 Word types ending in vowels

  • 5.2 Word types ending in consonants

  • 6. Verbs

  • 6.1 Personal conjugation of verbs

  • 6.2 Verb types

  • 6.3 Rection

  • 6.4 Verb + verb

  • 6.5 Past simple tense

  • 7. Plural partitive

  • 7.1 Use and formation of plural partitive

  • 8. Pronouns

  • 8.1 Personal pronouns

  • 8.2 Demonstrative pronouns

  • 9. Sentence types

  • 9.1 Sentence types

  • 10. Spoken language

  • 10.1 Vowel and consonant changes

  • 10.2 Verbs in spoken language

  • 10.3 Me passive

Genitive is a case that indicates ownership or other relationships of belonging.

Berliini on Saksan pääkaupunki.
Berlin is the capital of Germany.

Annan äidinkieli on ruotsi.
Anna’s native language is Swedish.

 

The genitive ending in singular is -n and in plural –ien, -ten, -itten/-iden. 

Mun koiran nimi on Kerttu. <> Mun koirien nimet ovat Kerttu ja Luna.
My dog’s name is Kerttu. <> My dogs’ names are Kerttu and Luna.

Anteeksi, missä on naisten vessa?
Excuse me, where is the women’s bathroom?

 

The ending is added to the stem of the word. Depending on the word type, the stem may be different from the base form.

nainen → Mikä naisen nimi on?
woman → What is the woman’s name?

suomi, kieli → Suomen kielen kurssi alkaa yhdeksältä.
Finnish, language → The Finnish language course starts at nine.

 

If the noun is in genitive, also the adjective, pronoun or numeral before it is in genitive.

Olen kolmen pienen lapsen äiti.
I am the mother of three small children.

Minun uuden ystävän nimi on Helga.
My new friend’s name is Helga.

 

In foreign names, there is an extra vowel i after the consonant.

Johnin äidinkieli on englanti.
John’s native language is English.

 

Genitive is also used with postpositions.

Pelaan jalkapalloa kavereiden kanssa.
I play football with friends.

Bussipysäkin vieressä on roskis.
There is a bin next to the bus stop.

 

In necessity structures (täytyy, pitää, on pakko), the subject is expressed with a genitive.

Minun täytyy opiskella.
I have to study.

Huomenna sinun ei tarvitse mennä töihin.
Tomorrow you don’t have to go to work.

 

Genitive forms of personal pronouns:

minä –> minun

sinä –> sinun

hän –> hänen

me –> meidän

te –> teidän

he –> heidän

 

In standard written language (news, literature, official letters etc.), the possessive suffix is used.

minun asuntoni

sinun asuntosi

hänen asuntonsa

meidän asuntomme

teidän asuntonne

heidän asuntonsa

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