3. Consonant gradation in verbs
Consonants k, p and t affect changes in the stem of the verb when the verb is conjugated. This phenomenon is called consonant gradation.
Verb type 1.
Nukkua â nukun
MinÀ nukun = I sleep
SinÀ nukut = You sleep
HĂ€n nukkuu = He/she sleeps
Me nukumme = We sleep
Te nukutte = You sleep
He nukkuvat = They sleep
Consonant gradation in verb type 1:
Strong consonant in the infinitive and 3rd person forms hÀn and he.
nukkua; hÀn nukkuu, he nukkuvat
to sleep; he/she sleeps, they sleep
Weak consonant in other forms
minÀ nukun, sinÀ nukut, me nukumme, te nukutte, en nuku
I sleep, you sleep, we sleep, you sleep, I don’t sleep
Verb type 3.
Kuunnella – kuuntelen
MinÀ kuuntelen = I listen
SinÀ kuuntelet = You listen
HĂ€n kuuntelee = He/she listens
Me kuuntelemme = We listen
Te kuuntelette = You listen
He kuuntelevat = They listen
Verb type 4.
HypĂ€tĂ€ â hyppÀÀn
MinÀ hyppÀÀn = I jump
SinÀ hyppÀÀt = You jump
HÀn hyppÀÀ = He/she jumps
Me hyppÀÀmme = We jump
Te hyppÀÀtte = You jump
He hyppÀÀvÀt = They jump
Consonant gradation in verb types 3, 4 and 6:
Weak consonant in the infinitive
Strong consonant in other forms
Most common consonant pairs in consonant gradation:
Strong | Weak | Infinitive | 1st person singular |
---|---|---|---|
tt | t | auttaa | minÀ autan |
kk | k | nukkua | minÀ nukun |
pp | p | oppia | minÀ opin |
t | d | pudota | minÀ putoan |
p | v | tavata | minÀ tapaan |
k | – | maata | minĂ€ makaan |
nt | nn | antaa | minÀ annan |
rt | rr | piirtÀÀ | minÀ piirrÀn |
mp | mm | ommella | minÀ ompelen |
Note that consonant gradation affects only the last consonants of the verb stem.
hypĂ€hdellÀ to jump – minĂ€ hypĂ€htelen
I jump up and down
Verb types 2 and 5 don’t have consonant gradation.