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Russian Grammar

3. Present and Past Verb Tenses

  • Introduction

  • 1. Nouns and Gender
  • 2. Personal Pronouns
  • 3. Present and Past Verb Tenses
  • 4. Capital Letters
  • 5. Possessive construction «У меня есть» (I have)
  • 6. Possessive Pronouns
  • 7. Reflexive possessive pronoun свой
  • 8. What Russian needs cases for
  • 9. Adjectives
  • 10. Negation
  • Introduction

  • 1. Nouns and Gender

  • 2. Personal Pronouns

  • 3. Present and Past Verb Tenses

  • 4. Capital Letters

  • 5. Possessive construction «У меня есть» (I have)

  • 6. Possessive Pronouns

  • 7. Reflexive possessive pronoun свой

  • 8. What Russian needs cases for

  • 9. Adjectives

  • 10. Negation

3. Present and Past Verb Tenses

The endings of the present tense verbs change depending on person and number. In order to find the correct ending for a Russian verb you need to do the following:

1. Determine the verb’s conjugation class. There are only two conjugation classes

 

Conjugation Class 1

Verbs that have the following suffixes before the infinitive form ending –ть:

e (болеть)

ова (использовать)

ну (толкнуть)

а,я  (most of the verbs with a and я suffixes belong to Conjugation class 1) (читать)

 

Conjugation Class 2

verbs that have the suffix и before the infinitive ending –ть:

и ( говорить)

а, я (some of the verbs with a suffix belong to Conjugation class 2 if the stress is on the personal ending) (лежать)

 

2. Add the ending to the stem of the verb:

Conjugation Class 1Conjugation Class 2
я-ю (-у)-ю (-у)
ты-ешь-ишь
он / она /оно-ет-ит
мы-ем-им
вы, Вы-ете-ите
они-ют (-ут)-ят (-ат)
Conjugation Class 1Conjugation Class 2
ячитаю, используюговорю, лежу
тычитаешь, используешьговоришь, лежишь
он / она /оночитает, используетговорит, лежит
мычитаем, используемговорим, лежим
вы, Вычитаете, используетеговорите, лежите
оничитают, используютговорят, лежат

To make the past tense, you replace the -ть of the infinitive or the ending of the present tense with -л plus the vowel showing the gender:

no vowel for masculine

–a for the feminine,

–o for the neuter,

–и for the plural.

GenderEndingPast form
Masc.-лслушал
Fem.-ласлушала
Neut.-лослушало
Pl.-лислушали
Learn Russian
Beginning 4. Capital Letters
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