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Spanish grammar 2

6. Prepositions

6.1 Prepositions

  • Introduction

  • 1. Pronouns
  • 1.1 Personal Pronouns

  • 1.2 Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns & Genitive

  • 1.3 Accusative and Dative Pronouns

  • 1.4 Demonstrative Pronouns

  • 1.5 Reflexive Pronouns

  • 1.6 Indefinite Pronouns

  • 2. Nouns & Articles
  • 2.1 Gender of Nouns

  • 2.2 Indefinite and Definite Forms

  • 2.3 Singular and Plural

  • 3. Verbs
  • 3.1 Types of Verbs

  • 3.2 The Conjugation and Use of “Be” Verbs

  • 3.3 Present Tense & Gerund

  • 3.4 Preterite

  • 3.5 Imperfect

  • 3.6 The Present Perfect

  • 3.7 The Past Perfect

  • 3.8 Future Tense and Near Future

  • 3.9 Conditional

  • 3.10 Affirmative and Negative Commands

  • 3.11 Subjunctive

  • 3.12 Passive

  • 4. Adjectives
  • 4.1 Adjective Inflection

  • 4.2 Comparison of Adjectives

  • 5. Syntax
  • 5.1 Word Order in Main Clause

  • 5.2 Interrogative Sentence & Question Words

  • 5.3 Subordinate Clauses

  • 6. Prepositions
  • 6.1 Prepositions

  • 7. Adverbs
  • 7.1 Adverbs

  • 8. Numbers
  • 8.1 Basic Numbers

  • 8.2 Order Numbers

  • 8.3 Number Expressions

  • 9. Letters of the Alphabet
  • 9.1 Letters of the Alphabet

  • Introduction

  • 1. Pronouns

  • 1.1 Personal Pronouns

  • 1.2 Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns & Genitive

  • 1.3 Accusative and Dative Pronouns

  • 1.4 Demonstrative Pronouns

  • 1.5 Reflexive Pronouns

  • 1.6 Indefinite Pronouns

  • 2. Nouns & Articles

  • 2.1 Gender of Nouns

  • 2.2 Indefinite and Definite Forms

  • 2.3 Singular and Plural

  • 3. Verbs

  • 3.1 Types of Verbs

  • 3.2 The Conjugation and Use of “Be” Verbs

  • 3.3 Present Tense & Gerund

  • 3.4 Preterite

  • 3.5 Imperfect

  • 3.6 The Present Perfect

  • 3.7 The Past Perfect

  • 3.8 Future Tense and Near Future

  • 3.9 Conditional

  • 3.10 Affirmative and Negative Commands

  • 3.11 Subjunctive

  • 3.12 Passive

  • 4. Adjectives

  • 4.1 Adjective Inflection

  • 4.2 Comparison of Adjectives

  • 5. Syntax

  • 5.1 Word Order in Main Clause

  • 5.2 Interrogative Sentence & Question Words

  • 5.3 Subordinate Clauses

  • 6. Prepositions

  • 6.1 Prepositions

  • 7. Adverbs

  • 7.1 Adverbs

  • 8. Numbers

  • 8.1 Basic Numbers

  • 8.2 Order Numbers

  • 8.3 Number Expressions

  • 9. Letters of the Alphabet

  • 9.1 Letters of the Alphabet

Like English, Spanish uses prepositions. This chapter presents the most common prepositions of Spanish and their use cases.

A

  • expresses direction or destination

Voy a la escuela. 

I’m going to school.

  • expresses to whom 

Dale esto a María. 

Give this to MarĂ­a.

  • expresses time of the day

Voy al dentista a las tres.

I go to the dentist at three o’clock.

 

CON

  • with something

Un café con leche, por favor.

A coffee with milk, please.

  • with someone

Voy al cine con mis amigos. 

I go to the cinema with my friends. 

  • with/using a tool

Abro la puerta con la llave.

I open the door with the key.

 

DE

  • origin

Soy de Alemania. 

I am from Germany.

  • possession

Es el bar de mi tío. 

It’s my uncle’s bar.

  • compounds

Compré un traje de baño para las vacaciones.

I bought a swimsuit for the holidays.

 

DESDE

  • from (a place)

Saludos desde Londres.

Greetings from London.

  • since (of time)

Han estudiado alemán desde enero.

They have studied German since January.

 

DURANTE

  • during, for (duration)

Ella trabajó en esa empresa durante cinco años.

She worked in that company for five years.

 

EN

  • place

No estamos en casa. 

We are not at home.

  • travel method

A menudo viajo en avión. 

I often travel by plane.

  • after a period of time

Salimos de vacaciones en tres dĂ­as.

We leave on holiday in three days.

 

ENTRE

  • between

La ciudad está situada entre el río y la montaña.

The city is located between the river and the mountain.

  • among

Ese actor es muy famoso entre los jĂłvenes.

That actor is very famous among young people.

 

HACIA

  • towards

Caminamos hacia la playa.

We walk towards the beach.

  • imprecise time

La reuniĂłn terminĂł hacia el mediodĂ­a.

The meeting ended around noon.

 

HASTA

  • up to, until

Voy a estudiar hasta aprobar el examen.

I am going to study until I pass the exam.

 

PARA

  • destination

Mañana salgo para Helsinki. 

I’m leaving for Helsinki tomorrow.

  • intended use:

Este regalo es para ti. 

This present is for you.

  • deadline

Tiene que estar listo para el lunes. 

This has to be ready by Monday.

  • purpose

Fui a Irlanda para mejorar mi inglés.

I went to Ireland in order to improve my English.

  • contrasting

Para ser extranjera, hablas muy bien el finés. 

For a foreigner, you speak Finnish very well.

  • opinion

Para mí, mirar la tele es una pérdida de tiempo. 

To me, watching TV is a waste of time.

  • actions soon to be completed

Está para salir. 

He’s about to leave.

 

POR

  • reason

Cerramos la ventana por la lluvia. 

We closed the window because of the rain.

  • movement through space

Un globo entró por la ventana. 

A balloon came in through the window.

  • duration of time

Trabajé en Argentina por dos meses. 

I have worked in Argentina for two months.

  • exchange

Te doy 500 dólares por esta moto. 

I’ll give you 500 dollars for this motorcycle.

  • on behalf of / in favour of:

Lo hago por ti. 

I’m doing this for you.

  • agent in passive clauses

Esta zona no fue afectada por la sequía. 

This area wasn’t affected by drought.

 

Note the difference in meaning between para and por in the following examples:

Lo compré por ella.

I bought it because of her (because she wanted me to).

Lo compré para ella.

I bought it for her (in order to give it to her).

 

SIN

  • without

No puedo vivir sin café. 

I can’t live without coffee.

 

SOBRE 

  • on (top of)

El libro está sobre la mesa. 

The book is on the table. 

  • about

Hablamos sobre el clima. 

We talked about the weather. 

Learn Spanish
Beginning 7. Adverbs
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