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German Grammar

7. Past tense

  • Introduction

  • 1. Nouns and articles
  • 2. Cases
  • 3. Pronouns
  • 4. Adjectives
  • 5. Present tense
  • 6. Sein, haben and the modal verbs: müssen, können, wollen & möchte
  • 7. Past tense
  • 8. Prepositions
  • 9. Negation
  • 10. Word order
  • Introduction

  • 1. Nouns and articles

  • 2. Cases

  • 3. Pronouns

  • 4. Adjectives

  • 5. Present tense

  • 6. Sein, haben and the modal verbs: müssen, können, wollen & möchte

  • 7. Past tense

  • 8. Prepositions

  • 9. Negation

  • 10. Word order

7. Past tense

One of the most common past tense forms in German is the perfect tense. The perfect tense is typically used to describe past events that are somehow connected to the present. The preterite tense, on the other hand, usually has a narrative function and is common in writing.

Nowadays, in everyday spoken conversations, it is more common to hear the perfect tense used when discussing past events.

The perfect tense is formed by either the auxiliary verb sein or haben in the present tense and the past participle of the main verb. The conjugation is slightly different for weak and strong verbs:

Weak verbs:   ge + verb stem + (-e)t

Strong verbs: ge + verb stem (+ vowel change) + (-e)n

Examples of both are provided in the table below. The auxiliary verb is in bold and the ending of the past participle is underlined.

ARBEITEN
to work
GEHEN
to go
SCHLAFEN
to sleep
ich habe gearbeitetich bin gegangenich habe geschlafen
du hast gearbeitetdu bist gegangendu hast geschlafen
er/sie/es hat gearbeiteter/sie/es ist gegangener/sie/es hat geschlafen
wir haben gearbeitetwir sind gegangenwir haben geschlafen
ihr habt gearbeitetihr seid gegangenihr habt geschlafen
sie/Sie haben gearbeitetsie/Sie sind gegangensie/Sie haben geschlafen

NB! If the verb is made up of a preposition and a verb, the “ge” indicating the perfect tense is often added between the two:

aufstehen ⇒ Ich bin früh auf + ge + standen.

I got up early.

However, “ge” is not added when the verb begins with on of the following prefixes: be-, ent-, er-, miss-, ver-, zer-, ge- and emp-:

missverstehen ⇒ Du hast mich missverstanden.
You misunderstood me.

Because the preterite tense is also used in speech, it is worth learning the verbs that are most commonly used. The table below presents the conjugation of: sein, haben and werden.

SEIN
to be
HABEN
to have
WERDEN
to become
ich warich hatteich wurde
du warstdu hattestdu wurdest
er/sie/es warer/sie/es hatteer/sie/es wurde
wir warenwir hattenwir wurden
ihr wartihr hattetihr wurdet
sie/Sie warensie/Sie hattensie/Sie wurden

Letztes Jahr war ich in Vietnam im Urlaub.
I was on holiday in Vietnam last year.

Learn German
Beginning 8. Prepositions
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